Papers

1. -Scientists "See" the Instant After Time Began (Huffington Post)
   " 'If verified, the discovery 'gives us a window on the universe at the very beginning,' when it was far less than one-trillionth of a second old, said theoretical physicist Lawrence Krauss of Arizona State University, who was not involved in the work."
   
   " 'It's just amazing,' he said. 'You can see back to the beginning of time.' " 03-14
   
   
2. Ghost Particles (NewScientist.com)
   "Ghostly particles could be haunting our universe. A new theory claims that the cosmos is full of unseen particle families that don’t interact with each other. If true, the model could explain why gravity is so puzzlingly weak." 05-16
   
   
3. How the Universe Started (Time.com)
   "But thanks to the aging but still-vibrant Hubble, the veil of over the distant past is at least starting to part. A team of observers led by Caltech’s Richard Ellis just announced that they have discovered seven galaxies dating from as early as 350 million years post-Big Bang. 'This is the deepest archaeological dig into the universe we’ve ever had,' said Harvard astrophysicist Avi Loeb at a press conference." 12-12
   
   
4. New Findings on the Universe (PBS.org)
   "Among the findings: The universe, at 13.8 billion years old, is about 100 million years older than previously thought, said Martin White, a U.S. Planck scientist from the University of California at Berkeley. It expanded more rapidly in the past than previously estimated, but expands more slowly today. There's less dark energy, more dark matter, and that dark matter is "clumpier" than previously thought. White said." 03-13
   
   
5. The Big Rip (NewScientist.com)
   "Stand by for a nightmare end to the Universe - a runaway expansion so violent that galaxies, planets and even atomic nuclei are literally ripped apart. The scenario could play out as soon as 22 billion years from now."
   
   " 'Until now we thought the Universe would either re-collapse to a big crunch or expand forever to a state of infinite dilution,' says Robert Caldwell of Dartmouth College, New Hampshire. 'Now we've come up with a third possibility - the "big rip".' "
   
   "Most physicists probably will not be rooting for phantom energy. That is because if it exists, it will cause them all kinds of theoretical headaches. For example, Einstein's theory of gravity predicts the existence of minuscule wormholes - short cuts through space-time."
   
   "Normally they snap shut so fast we never notice them. But phantom energy's repulsive gravity would be powerful enough to hold wormholes open, and perhaps even push them wide enough apart for spacecraft to use them for faster-than-light travel. 'This raises the spectre of time machines and all their paradoxes, which physicists find very uncomfortable,' says Caldwell." 10-07
   
   
6. The Big Rip (Wikipedia.org)
   "The Big Rip is a cosmological hypothesis about the ultimate fate of the universe, in which the matter of the universe, from stars and galaxies to atoms and subatomic particles, are progressively torn apart by the expansion of the universe at a certain time in the future. Theoretically, the scale factor of the universe becomes infinite at a finite time in the future." 10-07
   
   

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